Compounding Content © 2005-2023, Storey Marketing. All rights reserved.
Transdermal
Medications that relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and relax muscles can have side effects that are detrimental to athletic performance, such as drowsiness. However, when these medications are administered topically, the therapeutic benefit can be enhanced while significantly reducing the risk of adverse effects.
For example, research has shown that topically-applied ketoprofen provides a high local concentration of drug below the site of application but decreases systemic exposure and significantly reduces the risk of gastrointestinal upset or bleeding. When properly compounded into an appropriate base, tissue concentrations of ketoprofen were found to be 100-fold greater below the application site (knee) compared to systemic concentrations. Muscle relaxants can be similarly prepared to minimize the risk of drowsiness.
Medications that relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and relax muscles can have side effects that are detrimental to athletic performance, such as drowsiness. However, when these medications are administered transdermally, the therapeutic benefit can be enhanced while significantly reducing the risk of adverse effects.
For example, research has shown that topically applied ketoprofen provides a high local concentration of drug below the site of application but decreases systemic exposure and significantly reduces the risk of gastrointestinal upset or bleeding. When properly compounded into an appropriate base, tissue concentrations of ketoprofen were found to be 100-fold greater below the application site (knee) compared to systemic concentrations. Muscle relaxants can be similarly prepared to minimize the risk of drowsiness.
A symposium held during the 93rd Annual Congress of the Italian Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (SIOT) in Rome, Italy in November 2008, noted that topical anti-inflammatory therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of muscle strains, since it provides local analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects while minimizing systemic adverse events.
Adv Ther. 2009 Dec;26(12):1072-83. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
Compounding Content © 2005-2023, Storey Marketing. All rights reserved.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007 Mar;33(3):342-55.
Topical agents for the management of musculoskeletal pain.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
BMJ. 1995 Jul 1;311(6996):22-6
Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and admission to hospital for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation: a record linkage case-control study.
Free full text article available at bmj.com: //bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/311/6996/22
QJM 1995;88:551–557
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hospitalization for acute renal failure.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
BMJ. 1998 Jan 31;316(7128):333-8
Quantitative systematic review of topically applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
Free full text article available at bmj.com: //bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/316/7128/333
Pharm Res. 1996 Jan;13(1):168-72
Percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen from different anatomical sites in man.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
AAPS PharmSciTech. 2010 Mar;11(1):154-8. Epub 2010 Jan 20.
Ketoprofen absorption by muscle and tendon after topical or oral administration in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
Minerva Cardioangiol. 2008 Oct;56(5 Suppl):47-53.
Management of uncomplicated ankle sprains with topical or oral ketoprofen treatment. A registry study.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
Advanced Studies in Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Volume 3 (7A), July 2003
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jun 16; 6: CD007402.
Topical NSAIDs for acute pain in adults.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
Compounding Content © 2005-2023, Storey Marketing. All rights reserved.
Pediatrics 1995 Feb;95(2):255-8
Lidocaine adrenaline tetracaine gel versus tetracaine adrenaline cocaine gel for topical anesthesia in linear scalp and facial lacerations in children aged 5 to 17 years.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
Compounding Content © 2005-2023, Storey Marketing. All rights reserved.
Acetic acid iontophoresis is effective in the treatment of heel pain. Iontophoresis of dexamethasone for plantar fasciitis should be considered when more immediate results are needed. Iontophoresis has also been used to successfully treat plantar hyperhidrosis.
Phonophoresis (or sonophoresis) combines ultrasound with topical drug therapy to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations at target sites below the skin. A cream or gel containing medications such as corticosteroids, local anesthetics, electrolytes, or antibiotics is applied to the treatment area and then massaged with a transducer head. The technique has been widely used in sports medicine since the 1960s by podiatrists, orthopedists, and physical therapists.
The method of preparation and quality of ingredients used for solutions or gels for iontophoresis or phonophoresis are critical to the success of the therapy and minimizing side effects.
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1999 May;89(5):251-7
Management of heel pain syndrome with acetic acid iontophoresis.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
Am J Sports Med. 1997 May-Jun;25(3):312-6
Treatment of plantar fasciitis by iontophoresis of 0.4% dexamethasone. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
Compounding Content © 2005-2023, Storey Marketing. All rights reserved.
Plast Reconstr Surg 1998 Dec;102(7):2404-7
Promotion of second intention wound healing by emu oil lotion: comparative results with furasin, polysporin, and cortisone.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
Compounding Content © 2005-2023, Storey Marketing. All rights reserved.
Compounding Content © 2005-2023, Storey Marketing. All rights reserved.
Primary hyperhidrosis (excessive perspiration) is a physically and emotionally distressing condition that involves mainly the palms, soles, and axillae. Oral anticholinergic agents and beta-blockers may be effective for controlling or reducing profuse sweating but also carry significant side effects. Topical therapies may be the most practical and most common treatment for hyperhidrosis, but many agents that have proven useful in clinical trials are not commercially available.
Placebo-controlled trials have shown that topically applied 20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate significantly reduces the symptoms of hyperhidrosis in 60%-100% of patients. Skin irritation can be minimized with 1% hydrocortisone cream or by compounding 20% aluminum chloride in a 4% salicylic acid gel base, instead of in anhydrous alcohol base (as is the commercial product Drysol®).
Mayo Clin Proc 1986 Dec;61(12):951-6
Treatment of primary hyperhidrosis.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
Ann Pharmacother 1995 May;29(5):489-92
Propantheline bromide in the management of hyperhidrosis associated with spinal cord injury.
Click here to access the PubMed abstract of this article.
Compounding Content © 2005-2023, Storey Marketing. All rights reserved.
Compounding Content © 2005-2023, Storey Marketing. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2023 Volunteer Pharmacy | All Rights Reserved